Assignment is attachment Week 8
Used attachment 6 and 7 for references.
Analysis and Interpretation Worksheet
Part I: Analysis and Interpretation
Interview Data:
- Select an appropriate analytic procedure to code your interview data.
- Code your data using a qualitative data analysis program or by hand in a separate document. This process must identify: (1) codes and themes, (2) sub-codes, (3) categories, and (4) subcategories.
- Discuss your approach to coding the interview data. What procedure(s) did you select? Justify your response.
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- Examine the results of your analytic procedure(s).
- Identify 2 or 3 initial assertions based on your interpretation of the interview data. Discuss how you arrived at each assertion.
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- Synthesize your initial assertions into a key assertion about the central phenomenon in your mock study.
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Observation Data:
- Review the Observation Guide you completed in Week 6, paying attention to your field notes and detailed narrative passages.
- Compose 2 or 3 analytic memos triggered by your field notes.
- Memo 1:
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- Memo 2:
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- Memo 3:
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- Compose a meta-memo that synthesizes the primary elements from your analytic memos into a new whole.
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- Examine the results of your analytic procedure(s).
- Identify 2 or 3 initial assertions based on your interpretation of the observation data. Discuss how you arrived at each assertion.
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- Synthesize your initial assertions into a key assertion about the central phenomenon in your mock study.
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Part II: Reflection
Write a 700- to 1,050-word reflective essay about your experience applying qualitative research methods and the knowledge you have gained from this course. Include your essay in the space below.
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Observation Guide
Observation 1
Find a convenient place to sit where you are unobtrusive and can see all the activity. For the first 15 minutes of the observation, silently observe the activity. For the remaining 45 minutes of the observation document the following:
| Day and Date | 15th September 2020, Monday |
| Specific Location | St Mary’s Hospital |
| Start Time | 9am |
| Stop Time | 11pm |
Observation Setting
- Notate the characteristics (demographics) of the individuals in your observation setting. Examples: # of men and women, age ranges, ethnicities, other.
Children are exposed to an environment that is gender stereotypes from the very first day of their life. Despite some small differences in gender stereotypes, there is a familiar concept regarding the typical ‘female’ or ‘male’ across different cultures, and children are raised on these perceptions and beliefs. When the children reach the age of 3, they can easily recognize their sex, and they can also relate to the behavior patterns of being a girl or a boy. When they join kindergarten, already some degree of gender stereotypes is instilled in them from their respective homes. The teachers at kindergartens take over and continue with the same perceptions, treating boys and girls the way boys and girls need to be treated. Kindergarten teachers and staff handle boys differently from girls, even though children are provided with the same opportunity to progress in their learning and outcomes. In this paper, I visited a kindergarten school intending to observe how children behave and how their teachers handle them (Ey & McInnes, 2018). My main focus was to observe gender roles in kindergarten, observe how boys are treated differently from girls, and how gender is treated amongst the kindergarten children.
- Provide a detailed description of the setting. Highlight areas such as space, organization of the space, temperature, furnishings, sensory experiences, odors, colors, and so forth. Include a picture (if possible) or diagram of the setting.
I visited a local kindergarten school to the express permission of the authority. I informed the school principal that I will be observing the children and their teachers and recording gender stereotypes and perceptions. My study took one week of observation. I was observing two streams of classes, each with 12 children and three teachers per stream. I observed the kindergarten children both in the classrooms and in the playing ground. Each day I spent a total of 3 hours observing the children. The children were aged three years and above. In some cases, I also conversed with the teachers and the children on certain issues to have their feedback.
Field Notes
Use the area below to record the actions, interactions, or relevant factors that take place during the observation period as well as your personal comments.
Notethe following guidelines for this section:
- Record your observations and comments as jottings (i.e., brief notes written in shorthand). As a reminder, you will transcribe your field notes into a full written narrative as part of your write up.
- Document any relevant or noteworthy quotes.
- Notate the time of the activities that take place during the observation period. For example:
- 9:00 am – Introduction of participants
- 9:08 am – Agenda read
- 9:10 am – Additions to the agenda were approved
I observed two main issues: that the teachers have expectations of boys, and the same way, they have certain expectations from girls. I also observed that both boys and girls are highly innovative, and at some point, they challenge the traditional societal norms.
- 9:00 am – Introduction of kids
- 9:10 am – watching children interact in the classroom
- 10:00 am – Watching kids interacting in the sleeping room
10:00 am – Watching kids interacting in the playground
Write Up and Reflection
- Prepare a 350- to 500-word write-up of your field notes from Observation 1 by expanding your jottings into a detailed narrative passage.
From my observation, I noted that the teachers have expectations from boys; likewise, there are special expectations from girls. My observations revealed that the teachers responded differently in regards to what girls and boys wanted to communicate. The girls are expected to sit still on their tables and wait for help from teachers, but these are not the same expectations as the boys. I noted when a boy raised his hand, noting that he wanted attention, the teacher came in to help very quickly. This, in my opinion, showed that, to a greater extent, the teachers expect the girls to remain patient, obedient, and passive. When the teachers communicate a message that girls should sit still, wait for their turn in patience, they are being taught a lesson about being female. this also expresses gender position; both girls and boys learn subconsciously and consciously about how they should behave. As a result, the kindergarten teachers ascribe girls’ and boys’ different values.
From my observation, I also saw that both boys and girls are very innovative, and they sometimes challenge traditional gender patterns. The boys playing with bead arts in purple and pink colors are challenging the gender patterns. It is normally taken that boys o does not like to play with bright colors like pink. It is girls who are expected to play in pink colors. Traditionally, colors are used to separate girls from boys, with boys loving dull colors and girls going for bright colors. From several early studies, pink is associated with girls, while blue colors are associated with boys.
- Provide a substantive reflective response to each of the following questions:
- How would you characterize the interaction dynamics between individuals?
My audience interacted through face-to-to face interactions. The had physical contacts both in the class, sleeping room, and on the playground. There were no gadgets, but they played toys like phones, but these are not real interactions. I did my observations by sitting at a corner in the classroom.
- How would you do an observation differently if you were going to use this method?
If I were to do the observation again, I think it would be necessary to set up hidden cameras and live observations away from the rooms. My presence in the rooms seemed to attract the kids' attention, some wanting to play with me while I was interested in observing them.
- How is this approach helpful within qualitative research?
My presence in the rooms could be influencing the kid’s behaviors at some point. I observed some behaving in a certain way as they smile back at me. My absence in the room would allow natural outcome without the observer influence
Observation 2
Find a convenient place to sit where you are unobtrusive and can see all the activity. For the first 15 minutes of the observation, silently observe the activity. For the remaining 45 minutes of the observation document the following:
| Day and Date | 21st September 2020, Monday |
| Specific Location | Local Daycare |
| Start Time | 9am |
| Stop Time | 11am |
Observation Setting
- Notate the characteristics (demographics) of the individuals in your observation setting. Examples: # of men and women, age ranges, ethnicities, other.
My observation groups were ten men and women working in a health facility. These were people aged between 20 and 50 years (Renolen et al., 2018). The employees were all white in color
- Provide a detailed description of the setting. Highlight areas such as space, organization of the space, temperature, furnishings, sensory experiences, odors, colors, and so forth. Include a picture (if possible) or diagram of the setting.
My observations occurred in a hospital setting. I specifically was seated in the nurses’ desk in a hospital room of 4 beds, with partitions. The nurses’ desk in the hospital room had a counter just at the entrance, with two chairs, a desk, shelves, and a computer.
I took about three days in the facility, observing the nurses as they come in and out, providing health care services to the patients.
Observation Actions
Use the area below to record the actions, interactions, or relevant factors that take place during the observation period as well as your personal comments.
Note the following guidelines for this section:
- Record your observations and comments as jottings (i.e., brief notes written in shorthand). As a reminder, you will transcribe your field notes into a full written narrative as part of your write up.
- Document any relevant or noteworthy quotes.
- Notate the time of the activities that take place during the observation period. For example:
- 9:00 am – Introduction of participants
- 9:08 am – Agenda read
- 9:10 am – Additions to the agenda were approved
My observations were based on the need to determine the level of teamwork and motivation in the hospital.
My specific observations were as follows:
- Most of the time, the nurses reported for their shifts way earlier than expected, and they had a chat with their colleagues before beginning their shifts
- There was a lot of coordination between the nurses, with lots of face to face communication, telephone conversations, and the use of words like please, kindly, etc.
- 9:00 am – Introduction of nurses’ staff on shift
- 9:10 am – Observation of the nurses, first shift handover
- 11:00 am – Daytime operations observations
- 10:00 pm – Night shift observations
Write Up and Reflection
- Prepare a 350- to 500-word write-up of your field notes from Observation 2 by expanding your jottings into a detailed narrative passage.
- Most of the time, the nurses reported their shifts way earlier than expected, and they had a chat with their colleagues before beginning their shifts. This indicated a team that is highly motivated by their job is happy at work, and are ready to perform optimally.
- There was a lot of coordination between the nurses, with lots of face to face communication, telephone conversations, and words like please, kindly, etc. The nurses worked as a team. They exhibited the spirit of doing what is right to give the best to their clients.
- Provide a substantive reflective response to each of the following questions:
- How would you characterize the interaction dynamics between individuals?
The nurses spent a lot of time on their computers. I believe they were preparing documents and transmitting them through the internet. I observed that they communicated a lot through the emails and sometimes over the phone when the issue was a little urgent.
- How would you do an observation differently if you were going to use this method?
The best way to observe a working environment, especially in the hospital, is through physical presence. These are adults, and some characteristics are best observed and judged while they are in actin. For example, reporting times and expressing gratitude to each other is best observed physically.
- How is this approach helpful within qualitative research?
Physical presence to observe the relations and interactions between the nurses is useful for qualitative research in that the researcher can see for themselves and identify the areas of interest without bias.
References
Ey, L. A., & McInnes, E. (2018). Educators’ observations of children’s display of problematic sexual behaviors in educational settings. Journal of child sexual abuse, 27(1), 88-105.
Renolen, Å., Høye, S., Hjälmhult, E., Danbolt, L. J., & Kirkevold, M. (2018). “Keeping on track”—Hospital nurses’ struggles with maintaining workflow while seeking to integrate evidence-based practice into their daily work: A grounded theory study. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 77, 179-188.