Lesson 1 Assignment – Earth’s Structure & The Scientific Method
Answer all questions.
- Geological phenomena are driven by Earth’s internal and external processes. These processes are controlled by energy and forces that impact the Earth from outside as well as the interior. Describe any four of the different types of energy or forces that affect the Earth. Be sure to state whether each force acts externally or internally.
[ 8 points ]
| Answer: |
- The Earth consists of three basic layers. Describe each layer giving complete details about;
- their thickness [ 4 points ]
- any sub-layers or sub-divisions [ 4 points ]
- their general chemical composition (major elements) [ 4 points ]
| Answer: |
- Explain the difference between a hypothesis and a theory in the context of the scientific method.
[ 4 points ]
| Answer: |
- Each letter indicated on the rock cycle diagram represents the processes involved in the change indicated by the arrows. Fill in the table below by matching each letter with one or more of the processes listed. Some processes may be used more than once, and some changes may require several processes as indicated in the table. [ 18 points ]
Processes:
Burial, Cooling, Crystallization, Deformation, Deposition, Erosion, Lithification, Melting, Metamorphism, Solidification, Uplift, Weathering
ANSWERS:
| Number | Processes | Points |
| A (3 processes) | 3 | |
| B (1 process) | 1 | |
| C (3 processes) | 3 | |
| D (3 processes) | 3 | |
| E (1 process) | 1 | |
| F (3 processes) | 3 | |
| G (3 processes) | 3 | |
| H (1 process) | 1 |
[ 36 points ]
- Three geologists, Kaitlin, Jamar, and Scott are employed by Exxon Mobil Corporation to identify new areas for oil and gas exploration. They found three potential sites in Alaska. Each geologist was assigned one of the sites to investigate the geology and present their findings to the company executives. However, they all have different ideas about how to represent the subsurface geology of their assigned site. Kaitlin would like to show the characteristics of each rock layer as they would appear stacked on top of each other at her site. Jamar has chosen to represent all the rock units and other geologic features at his site in three dimensions, including the shape of the land surface. For his site, Scott believes that a two-dimensional view of the geology is sufficient to include all the necessary details about the rock layers and features.
- How would you advise each geologist on the best type of diagram to use to communicate the geologic information of the subsurface in the way they would like to? [ 6 points ]
| Answer: |
- Each geologist must also indicate how the rocks and features are distributed at the surface with specific elevation data about their assigned site. Which two maps would you advise them to use to accomplish this? [ 2 points ]
| Answer: |
Total = 50 points
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