1.1 INTRODUCTION
1.2 The impact of programming in higher education regarding  other institutions
1.3  Challenges of programming
1.4 Traditional programming versus new programming methods
1.5 The formats of programming design
1.6  Advantages of programming
1.7  Disadvantages of programming
1.8 Cost effectiveness of programming
1.9 Literature review summary

Please use the literature review section of the uploaded work to do this task. but please Combine the new work with the old where necessary.