An Investigation Into Blockchain and Its Application to Internet of Vehicles

Background

Main components of internet of vehicles

Intelligent autonomous vehicles have onboard computer technology, which is known as Blockchain technology. It is very advantageous because of the shorter reaction time, precise control and better sensors [3]. The main components on the internet of vehicles to avail these facilities are vehicle, personal device, a sensing device, network infrastructure, roadside device and, skilled person.

Communication between components

The internet of vehicles includes other nearby vehicles to establish the communication link in order to exchange information regarding traffic alerts, stoplights, avoiding a collision. It facilitated crash avoidance with wireless networks where huge data storage is the primary requirement. Connected cars need a huge amount of data that is shared with the help of the cloud [4]. The vehicle- vehicles (V2V) communication is done by cloud storage with excellent procession power. Cloud has analytical and processing capabilities, and this is used to communicate with the components.

Attack scenarios in such distributed systems

The attack scenarios in the distributed system may include the denial of service attack or the DoS. It floods the processing system with huge amounts of information and overloads it to prevent the system from receiving the required information. It may also include the black hole attacks where the attacker creates a hole to block the information processing system.  The attack scenarios also include replay attacks where the data transmission is delayed or repeated [5]. Another attack scenario that may happen is the Sybil attacks, which influence the network with pseudonymous identities.

Byzantine agreement protocols for distributed systems

The Byzantine agreement protocols include parties to agree on some values in a distributed environment even if they are corrupted. The protocols include the validity where the parties must have some initial values [1]. Agreement of Byzantine protocols includes the agreement of the parties who must be inclined to the values. Another strategy includes probabilistic termination, including the non-corrupted parties who can specify the values.

Achievement and remaining gaps

The achievement of the Byzantine protocols includes the cryptocurrency to reach an agreement on the particular blocks. It works as a safeguard against faulty nodes and malicious attacks and prevents the system from repeating, overloading or delaying the distribution system. The remaining gaps in the Byzantine protocols include the interactive consistency problem and the consensus problem.

Preliminary

The working method of Blockchain technology

Blockchain technology helps in the supply chain management of automotive cars regarding the delivery, replacement, stolen and damaged parts of the car. Blockchain carries huge information regarding the origin of the car parts and thus helps in the modification of it. Blockchain technology is advantageous to the manufacturing process of the car by providing quality inspection records. Blockchain technology accelerates the manual data insertion process, including transactions and the revision of the data [1]. Blockchain technology ensures the data security of automotive vehicles and vehicle safety. Since the cars are automotive and have to connect with the other cars, there is a high chance of cyberattacks. The strong cryptographic roots of Blockchain technology store data with security where reverse engineering or hacking is not possible. Blockchain technology helps in navigation, which is software-based to enable vehicle-to-vehicle communication.

Blockchain ensuring the security

Blockchain technology ensures security by protecting the huge amount of data in a secure decentralized network. The transparent data documentation of the Blockchain technology is known as black box cars from accidents. It has an easier verification system that is loaded in the data history of the car, which ensures the car users from any kind of cyberattacks. Hence, Blockchain technology ensures data security and thus resolves the issues of reselling the car. Blockchain technology has a secure digital identity that can be accessed by car users, only preventing the driver from denial of service or Sybil attack [2]. Besides that, it secures the car and the river from accidents by providing required alerts and reduces the accident rates. Blockchain technology also facilitates a traceable, secure and transparent digital transaction process in a real-time platform, decreasing the risk of traditional financial issues. It cuts the extra cost and increases efficiency by enabling the security of the data and an easier transaction process.

Blockchain ensuring non-repudiation

Blockchain technology ensures non-repudiation enabling services to col

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