Causes, Impact, and Solution of Unemployment in Delta State; Case Study of Ethiope West Local Government, Oghara Chapter One Aim and objective of the study

 

1. To identify the determinants of unemployment among graduates.
2. To examine the differences in the causes of unemployment between male and female graduates

Purpose of the Study

The purpose of this study is find out the determinant of graduate unemployment in the state, then to extent does these determinant influences graduate unemployment. Also, to identify the difference in the causes of unemployment between male and female graduates; means to assess if there is any difference between male and female graduates in the state in terms of employment. This study is also, focus only on the aspect of graduates why are they facing graduate unemployment. That is the reason why this study is carry out.

CHAPTER TWO

LITRATURE REVIEW

INTRODUCTION

This chapter provide survey of previous work conducted by scholar and economist on the causes of unemployment among graduate and related issues. In order to achieve the stated objective, this chapter is divided into three section and sub-sections. While section one deal with the conceptual issues, section two treat theoretical framework, and final section conveys review of empirical literature on graduate unemployment.

CONCEPTUAL ISSUES

 CONCEPT OF GRADUATE

The word graduate was derive from Latin called “Gradus” meaning “degree or step” (en.oxforddictionaries.com). A graduate is who has successfully completed a course of study or training, especially a person who has been awarded an undergraduate or first academic degree (en.oxforddictionaries.com). In order word a graduate refers to holder of appropriate degree of a minimum of bachelor degree from a recognized universities particularly Nigeria University or National Diploma like ND and HND or its equivalent from a recognized Polytechnics (charle udeghunam, 2006). Moreover, Graduate refers to someone who has been the subject of a graduation, namely, someone who has completed the requirement of an academic degree (en.wikipedia.org/wiki/graduate).

TYPES OF GRADUATE

In the literature there are many type of graduate, but in this study only those that have attend university are regarded are graduate.  In this society only those that have gone to university are regarded as graduate. These graduate are:

1. University graduate (graduates or bachelor’s degree holders): A bachelor’s degree is an undergraduate university degree. Studying for allows you to explore your chosen subject in depth much more so than in diploma, certificate or short course (www.openuniversity.edu/course/programmes/bachelor’s-degrees). In another words a bachelor’s degree is a four-year degree meaning it typically takes four year of full-time study to complete your bachelor’s degree. A bachelor’s is a post-secondary undergraduate degree.
2. Other type of graduate are; National Diploma and Higher National Diploma holders are also called graduate, in the absence of bachelor’s degree holders.

CONCEPT OF UNEMPLOYMENT

There is no exact definition of unemployment in the economic literature. To the layman, unemployment means a state of joblessness. Unemployment is a state of affairs when in a country there are a large number of able-bodied, persons of working age who are willing to work but cannot find work at the current wage level. People who are either unfit for work for physical or mental reason, or don’t want work e.g. Sadhus are excluded from the category of the unemployed (Ahuja, 2008). Also according to Sule Ahmad Gusau (2005) unemployment exist if those who are willing to work and able to work cannot get job. Moreover, In the word Fajana (2000), and Standing (1983) opined that unemployment can be describe as the state of worklessness experienced persons who are members of the labor force who perceived themselves and are perceived by others as capable of work. The International Labour Organization (ILO) defined unemployment as the people who are out of work, want a job, have actively sought for work in the previous four weeks and are available to start work within the next fortnight; or out of work and have accepted a job that they are waiting to start in the next fortnight (ILO, 2005).

 TYPES AND CAUSES OF UNEMPLOYMENT

TYPES OF UNEMPLOYMENT  

In the literature there is nine type of unemployment, according to Asoluka &  Okezie (2011) I identified five types of unemployment these are:

[1]. Structural unemployment: Occurs when there is a change in the structure of an industry or the economic activities of the count

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